Evaluation of the effectiveness of HPV genotyping in the primary screening of cervical pathology

Abstract

DOI: 10.52705/2788-6190-2024-03.2-05
УДК 618.146-006.52-039.1-07:575.113

The objective: to elovuate of the effectiveness of diagnosis and prognosis of the course of cervical disease associated with papillomavirus infection, including clinical and molecular biological research methods.
Materials and methods. 750 women with benign cervical pathology were examined. According to the results of HPV genotyping, women were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – HPV-negative women – 233 (31.3%) and group 2 – HPV-positive women – 517 (68.9%).
Molecular biological research methods included complex genotyping of HPV DNA of 28 types, semiquant. format, REAL TIME PCR HPV-Digene test, company «Digene» (USA). Statistical processing of research results was carried out using standard Microsoft Excel 5.0 and Statistical 6.0 programs.
Results. According to the results of HPV genotyping of positive women with cervical pathology: HPV type 16 was detected in 246 cases (47.6%), HPV 51 in 107 cases (20.7%), HPV 45 in 103 cases (19.9%), HPV 39 in 96 cases (18.7%), HPV 18 in 91 cases (17.6%), HPV 59 in 72 cases (13.9%), HPV 58 in 69 cases (11.8%) , HPV 56 – in 57 cases (11.0%), HPV 31 – in 42 cases (8.1%), HPV 35 – in 39 cases (7.5%). Other types of HPV occurred in less than 6% of cases. The majority of women (64.1%) had only one HPV genotype. The combination of several types of HPV in one patient was noted in 35.9% of cases. Аnalyzing the gynecological history, significant differences between the groups were found in the following nosologies: specific colpitis of chlamydial genes–- in 1 group in 1 woman (0.4%), in 2 group – in 14 (2.7%), trichomonad genesis – in 1 in group 2 women (0.8), in group 2 – in 14 (2.7), ureamycoplasma genesis – in group 1 in 16 women (6.9), in group 2 – in 82 (15.9 %); bacterial vaginosis (BV) in group 1 in 14 women (6.0%), in group 2 - in 63 (12.2%), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVK) in group 1 in 21 women (9.0%), in 2 group – in 124 (23.9%). The frequency of chronic
cervicitis in group 1 was 89 women (38.2%), in group 2 – in 248 (47.9%). 57 (11.0%) women of the 2nd group had condylomas of the cervix, 20 women (8.5%) of the 1st group had a history of condylomas of the vagina and vulva, and 118 (22.8%) of the 2nd group.
16 women (13.6%) of the 2nd group were treated for condylomas. The early onset of sexual life (before 18 years) was indicated by 66 women (28.3%) in group 1, and 325 women (62.9%) in group 2. The presence of more than 5 sexual partners was noted in group 1 by 57 women (24.5%), and in group 2 by 246 women (47.6%).  As for the presence of bad habits, namely smoking for more than 3 years, there were 53 women (22.7%) in group 1, and 211 women (40.8%) in group 2. Barrier contraception methods were used in group 1 by 49 women (21.0%), and in group 2 by 8 women (1.5%), and not always.
Conclusions. Most often, HPV was detected in young women aged 18–25, the second peak was observed in women aged 40 and older. In HPV-positive women, HPV group A9 (16, 31, 35, 58 types) was detected much more often – 75.0%. The dominant type of HPV was type 16 – 47.6%. Attention is drawn to the high incidence of HPV types 51 and 45 – 20.7% and 19.9%, respectively.
These types of HPV were more often detected in young women under the age of 30 (78%). The research was conducted according to principles of Declaration of Helsinkі. Protocol of research was proved by local ethical committee, mentioned in institution’s work. A
informed sonsennt was collected in order to carry out the research.