Comparative analysis of prevalence and structure of thyroid pathology for women after natural and surgical menopause

Abstract

DOI: 10.52705/2788-6190-2025-01.1-11
УДК 618.173-089.168.1:616,441-002-07

Research purpose. To conduct the comparative analysis of prevalence and nosology structure of thyroid pathology for women after natural and surgical menopause.
Materials and methods. For the study of prevalence of pathology of thyroid gland in perimenopause simultaneously research of population is conducted 150 women in age 45 – 55 (Me [25; 75] = 49 [47,0; 52,0] years). Group 1 – «premenopause », n = 50; group 2 is «natural menopause», n = 50; for the study of features of pathology of thyroid gland after surgical menopause the third group of women (n = 50), chosen by a casual method from a number operated in the volume of hysterectomy in combination with bilateral oophorectomy was formed. To the complex of the conducted researches clinical, laboratory instrumental and statistical methods were included.
Results. Presence for the patient of the burdened obstetric anamnesis, infertility, climacteric syndrome, concomitant gynaecological pathology (uterine fibroids, hyperplastic processes of endometrium, benigh ovarian formations), essential hypertensive, overweight or obesity even in default of obvious clinical signs of diseases of thyroid gland can serve as additional cause for the detailed inspection, including determination of level of thyrotropic hormone ultrasonic research of thyroid gland. Increased need in an iodine after surgical menopause, probably, has adaptation character and can be related to stimulant influence on pituitary-thyroid axis of oophorectomy, and also with transmitting pathology of hormone-dependent organs-targets of the reproductive system. Natural menopause is as a result of more protracted instability of levels of estrogen and progesterone as compared to the absolute deficit of ovarian hormones, that suddenly comes after surgical menopause, creates more favourable background for induction of autoimmuny processes. It is reported about positive connection between frequency of autoimmuny thyroiditis and duration of reproductive period for women. After completion of hormonal changes tension of autoimmunity can decrease. In a number of cases the changes of thyroid gland will have transitory character, related to menopause.
Conclusion. General morbidity by thyroid pathology for women after natural and surgical menopause in a iodine-deficient region maximal in the first year of menopause and goes down with the increase of its duration. In a perimenopausal period and in the first five years, both after natural and after surgical menopause, frequency of iodine-deficient diseases of thyroid gland is more high, than frequency of autoimmuny thyropathes. Autoimmuny thyropathies more frequent meet after natural menopause, and diseases of thyroid gland, related to the deficit of iodine after surgical menopause.