Morphological features of placenta are at the antenatal fetal hypoxia

Abstract

DOI: 10.52705/2788-6190-2025-01.2-02
УДК 618.33-001.8:618.36-094-039

The objective: to estimate the morphological features of placenta at the antenatal fetal hypoxia.

Materials and methods. A basic (1) group was made by 55 cases of death of fetus from aantenatal hypoxia in terms of 23–40 weeks at a singleton pregnancy: 55 placentas and 52 fetuses(in 3 cases a section was not produced). These 55 the most difficult for diagnostics supervisions ofantenatal fetal death were included by us in a 1 group of research on the basis of the unspecifiednosotropic role of placenta and not clear thanatogenesis, they were 52% all antenatal losses.Cases of antenatal death of the set etiology – with infectious fetopathy, by congenital defects,incompatible with a antenatal period, – from research eliminated, as well as multiple pregnancy.To the complex of the conducted researches were included clinical, echographic, laboratory andmorphological methods.

Results. Mass of placentas of a 1 group made 75–650 gram, mass of fetus is 320–4600 gram,length of fetus is 25–58 sm. Frequency of anomalies of umbilical cord and placenta disk did notexceed such from data of literature: thecal localization of umbilical cord was in a 1 supervision(1,8%), regional – in 4 (7,2%), aplasia of artery – in 1 (1,8%) and actual node of umbilical cord – in2 (3,6%) supervisions, thin umbilical cord – in 6 (10,9%), extrachorial rim – in 7 (12,7%), additionalfate – in 4 (7,2%).High-frequency of hearth changes is marked: plural pockets – 41,8%, large pockets – 49,1%,central and параcentral localization of pockets – 52,7%. A retronasal haematoma found out in5,5% antenatal of losses. Meconium staining of amniotic fluid was in 34 (61,8%) cases, that,probably, is the display of antenatal hypoxia. Differences were not marked in localization ofplacenta in an uterus: it bedded on a front and back wall with identical frequency in 34,6%. On the basis of histological features of placentas of antenatally dead fetuses 2 sub-groups areselected: 1.1 made 16 supervisions, 1.2 – 39. Death of fetuses is 1.1 sub-groups took place on2–3 weeks before (Me=33,75), than in a 1.2 sub-group (Me=36). Because of that time of finding offetus in an uterus from the offensive of antenatal death to stillborn in both sub-groups was identical(Me=24 of hour), placentas 1.1 and 1.2 sub-groups differed the complex of histological signs.

Conclusions. The results of the conducted researches allow to extend information which are,about pathogeny of antenatal fetal hypoxia with subsequent perinatal losses. To allow it, onour the idea, to perfect the algorithm of diagnostic, treatment-and-prophylactic and prognosticmeasures for women with a high perinatal risk.