Histomorphological parameters of the placenta during pregnancy complicated by major obstetric syndromes, clinically manifested by preeclampsia

Abstract

DOI: 10.52705/2788-6190-2023-03-2
УДК 618.36-018-02:618.3-008.6-06:616.8-009.24:576.31

Aim of research - to determine the peculiarities of histomorphological parameters of placentas during pregnancy, which had complications from the group of major obstetric syndromes (MOS), clinically manifested by preeclampsia.
Materials and methods. A histomorphological study of 30 placentas from women with a severe degree of preeclampsia was carried out, which made up the main group (OG), the control group (CG) was made up of 20 placentas from women without a complicated course of pregnancy. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of the droppings was carried out in accordance with the standard description protocol and modern research requirements (order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine "On the improvement of children's patho-anatomical service" dated August 19, 2004, No. 417). Statistical processing of research results was performed using the standard programs "Microsoft Excel 5.0" and "Statistica 6.0".
Results. Histological examination of placentas from women with preeclampsia (PE) during pregnancy (OG) revealed a certain spectrum of pathomorphological changes, the key place among which was occupied by acute and chronic disorders of uteroplacental blood circulation. Thrombosis of the intervillous space (VPS) and infarcts of the villi were more often compared to CG in the placentas of OG women, thrombosis of the intervillous space was diagnosed with the highest frequency in placentas with severe PE. Every third woman with PE – 11 (36.6%) cases – had fibrinoid necrosis of the basal plate and intradecidual hemorrhages, which clinically manifest the failure of compensatory reactions with the development of sub- and decompensated placental insufficiency (PІ).
Conclusions. Histomorphological changes in the tissues of the studied placentas in women with severe preeclampsia indicate a violation of placental blood flow and indicate a lack of compensatory and adaptive reactions, a violation of the functioning of the microcirculatory channel in placentas with preeclampsia, the cause of which can be considered endothelial dysfunction, which is the pathogenetic basis for the development of MOS.
The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution mentioned in the paper. Informed consent of women was obtained for the study.
No conflict of interest was declared by the author.